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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, August 2002, p. 2729-2740, Vol. 40, No. 8
0095-1137/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.40.8.2729-2740.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Ca3 Fingerprinting of Candida albicans Bloodstream Isolates from the United States, Canada, South America, and Europe Reveals a European Clade

Claude Pujol,1 Michael Pfaller,2 and David R. Soll1*

Departments of Biological Sciences,1 Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 522422

Received 18 March 2002/ Returned for modification 6 May 2002/ Accepted 13 May 2002

It was previously demonstrated by a cluster analysis that 26 unrelated U.S. isolates of Candida albicans separated into three distinct groups (groups I, II, and III) while South African isolates separated into four distinct groups (groups I, II, III, and SA). To verify the absence or underrepresentation of SA isolates in North America, and to identify which groups are represented in Europe and South America, collections of bloodstream isolates from each geographical locale were analyzed by cluster analyses based on genetic fingerprinting with the Ca3 probe. The results verify that North America is almost devoid of SA isolates (2%). However, the results reveal a new clade, designated group E, relatively specific to Europe. While 26% of a European collection of 46 isolates was composed of group E isolates, only 2% of the 164 North American isolates, 5% of 22 South American isolates, and 1% of 361 South African isolates were composed of group E isolates. The North American collection proved to be the least-diverse collection in regard to group representation. In a comparison of collections from the Northeast, Midwest, and Southwest regions of the United States, Canada, and South America, it was demonstrated that both the U.S. Southwest and the South American collections were devoid of group II isolates. Together these results identify for the first time a European-specific clade and demonstrate clear distinctions in the representations of the five demonstrated clades (groups I, II, III, SA, and E) in different geographical locales.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242. Phone: (319) 335-1117. Fax: (319) 335-2772. E-mail: david-soll{at}uiowa.edu.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, August 2002, p. 2729-2740, Vol. 40, No. 8
0095-1137/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.40.8.2729-2740.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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