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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, August 2002, p. 2919-2921, Vol. 40, No. 8
0095-1137/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.40.8.2919-2921.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Outbreaks of Disease Suspected of Being Due to Human Monkeypox Virus Infection in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 2001

Hermann Meyer,1* Mathilde Perrichot,2 Markus Stemmler,1 Petra Emmerich,3 Herbert Schmitz,3 Francis Varaine,2 Robert Shungu,4 Florimond Tshioko,5 and Pierre Formenty6

Institute of Microbiology, German Armed Forces Medical Academy, Munich,1 Institute of Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany,3 Médecins sans Frontières—France, Paris, France,2 Ministry of Health,4 World Health Organization Office, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo,5 Department of Communicable Diseases Surveillance and Response, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland6

Received 14 December 2001/ Returned for modification 14 April 2002/ Accepted 12 May 2002

Seven outbreaks of disease characterized by a pustular rash and suspected to have been caused by human monkeypox virus were investigated. The outbreaks occurred between February and August 2001 in the province of Equateur in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The outbreaks involved a total of 31 persons and caused five deaths. Specimens from 14 patients were available and were analyzed by electron microscopy, virus isolation, and PCR assays specific for monkeypox virus and varicella-zoster virus. We provide evidence that two outbreaks were indeed caused by monkeypox virus (16 cases, with four deaths), that in two outbreaks both monkeypox and varicella-zoster virus were involved (seven cases, with one death), and that two outbreaks were cases of chickenpox caused by infection with varicella-zoster virus (six cases, with no deaths). In one outbreak, no evidence for either monkeypox or chickenpox was found (two cases, with no deaths).

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institute of Microbiology, German Armed Forces Medical Academy, Neuherbergstr. 11, D-80937 Munich, Germany. Phone: 49-89-3168-3910. Fax: 49-89-3168-3292. E-mail: hermann.meyer{at}micro.vetmed.uni-muenchen.de.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, August 2002, p. 2919-2921, Vol. 40, No. 8
0095-1137/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.40.8.2919-2921.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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