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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, July 2003, p. 2932-2939, Vol. 41, No. 7
0095-1137/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.41.7.2932-2939.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Sequence-Based Typing of Legionella pneumophila Serogroup 1 Offers the Potential for True Portability in Legionellosis Outbreak Investigation

Valeria Gaia,1* Norman K. Fry,2 Timothy G. Harrison,2 and Raffaele Peduzzi1

Istituto Cantonale di Microbiologia, Lugano, Switzerland,1 Respiratory and Systemic Infection Laboratory, Specialist and Reference Microbiology Division, Health Protection Agency, Colindale, London, United Kingdom2

Received 14 October 2002/ Returned for modification 10 December 2002/ Accepted 31 March 2003

Seven gene loci of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 were analyzed as potential epidemiological typing markers to aid in the investigation of legionella outbreaks. The genes chosen included four likely to be selectively neutral (acn, groES, groEL, and recA) and three likely to be under selective pressure (flaA, mompS, and proA). Oligonucleotide primers were designed to amplify 279- to 763-bp fragments from each gene. Initial sequence analysis of the seven loci from 10 well-characterized isolates of L. pneumophila serogroup 1 gave excellent reproducibility (R) and epidemiological concordance (E) values (R = 1.00; E = 1.00). The three loci showing greatest discrimination and nucleotide variation, flaA, mompS, and proA, were chosen for further study. Indices of discrimination (D) were calculated using a panel of 79 unrelated isolates. Single loci gave D values ranging from 0.767 to 0.857, and a combination of all three loci resulted in a D value of 0.924. When all three loci were combined with monoclonal antibody subgrouping, the D value was 0.971. Sequence-based typing of L. pneumophila serogroup 1 using only three loci is epidemiologically concordant and highly discriminatory and has the potential to become the new "gold standard" for the epidemiological typing of L. pneumophila.

* Corresponding author. Present address: Istituto Cantonale di Microbiologia, via Mirasole 22a, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland. Phone: 41 91 814 60 11. Fax: 41 91 814 60 29. E-mail: valeria.gaia{at}ti.ch.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, July 2003, p. 2932-2939, Vol. 41, No. 7
0095-1137/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.41.7.2932-2939.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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